AHP PREMIUM SPICES

 Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum) is a shrub or small tree native to subtropical and temperate regions of Nepal, thriving at elevations of 1,100–2,500 meters. Growing up to 5 meters tall, it has corky bark, straight spines on branches, and pinnately compound leaves. Its green or yellow flowers bloom in April–May, followed by aromatic red fruits from July–November. The seeds have a shiny black coating and a fragrant red husk when mature. Primarily found in mid-western districts like Rolpa, Rukum, and Surkhet, Timur is valued in Ayurveda for treating headaches, toothaches, and arthritis. It also serves as a spice, pesticide, and source of essential oils for cosmetics, food, and aromatherapy, owing to its high linalool and cineole content. 

 Siltimur (Lindera neesiana) is a small deciduous tree, growing up to 5 meters, found in subtropical and temperate regions of central and eastern Nepal (1,000–2,600m). Its aromatic, ovate leaves and yellow umbel flowers bloom in October–November. The globose fruits (0.4 cm) transition from green to red and finally black when dried, maturing from March–June. A source of sassafras, the plant has carminative properties. Fruits are chewed to relieve diarrhea, toothache, and nausea, while seed-extracted essential oil treats boils and scabies. Its aromatic and medicinal uses make it valuable in traditional remedies. 

 Large Cardamom (Amomum subulatum), also called Black Cardamom or Alaichi, is a premium spice native to Nepal. Thriving in mid-hill climates (1,000–2,200m), Nepal produces the world’s finest-quality large cardamom due to its ideal growing conditions. The dried fruit of a perennial herb, it has a strong, astringent aroma with a cooling mint-like sensation. Unlike small cardamom, its flavor is deeper and smokier. Widely used in dishes like pulao, biryani, and meat curries, it also enhances spice blends like garam masala. Additionally, it holds significance in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine for its digestive and therapeutic properties. 

 Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a versatile spice crop grown in Nepal’s mid to high hills (optimal temperature: 25–30°C). Planted in March (mid-hills) or April (high hills), it thrives in well-drained soil (pH 6.5–7). Popular varieties include Jamaican, Jorhat, and Kapurkot, planted at 25–30 cm spacing. Harvesting occurs after 7–9 months, yielding 1,000–1,500 kg per ropani. Processed by sun-drying sliced rhizomes into powder, ginger is valued for its medicinal and culinary uses. It aids digestion, reduces nausea, and combats colds. Consumed fresh, dried, or as oil, it also benefits diabetes, cholesterol, and cognitive health, making it a staple in food, medicine, and cosmetics. 

 Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an important spice crop cultivated in Nepal's mid to high hills (optimal temperature 25-30°C). Planted in March (mid-hills) or April (high hills) with 25-30cm plant spacing and 30-40cm row spacing, it matures in 7-9 months, yielding 1,000-1,500 kg per ropani. The rhizomes are processed by slicing, sun-drying, and grinding into powder. Valued in Ayurveda, turmeric contains curcumin, a potent compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It treats various ailments, including cough and cold, while enhancing skin health. Used in cooking, cosmetics, and traditional medicine, turmeric remains a versatile and culturally significant crop in Nepal. 

 Round Pipla (Piper longum) is a creeping perennial herb found in Nepal (200-1,300m elevation). Its broad, heart-shaped leaves (3-8 cm long) and greenish flower spikes (July-August) produce small fruits harvested from November-January. This aromatic plant thrives in warm climates and is valued for its medicinal properties. The fruits serve as a condiment, while leaves and fruits act as a hair tonic and malaria remedy. Traditionally used as an antidote for snake bites, pipla also treats fever, cough, and cold. Its roots are energy-boosters, and the herb is commonly brewed in therapeutic teas, making it a versatile natural remedy in Nepalese traditional medicine.